虽然具有现代意义的大学与学制，自晚清开始就已经出现。但是，在新中国成立以前，通过全国性的统一考试选拔人才进入高校，其实是不曾存在过的。虽然南京国民政府时期，依照五权宪法体制成立了考试院，但是民国时期大学的单独招生考试仍是主流，考试院所起到的只是统筹协调作用。因此，在新中国成立的1949年，由于政权交替、战乱初定，多数高校依旧沿袭了民国时期惯例，实行单独招生，仅少数高校采取联合招生的形式，各高校的考试科目、考试内容也千差万别。
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Although universities and educational systems with modern significance had already emerged since the late Qing Dynasty, the practice of selecting talent for higher education institutions through a nationwide unified examination had never truly existed prior to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. While under the Nanjing Nationalist Government, the Examination Yuan was established in accordance with the Five-Power Constitution system, individual university admissions examinations remained the mainstream practice during the Republic of China era, with the Examination Yuan's role being merely one of overall coordination. Consequently, in 1949, with the establishment of the New China, owing to the political transition and the nascent stability after years of conflict, most higher education institutions continued to follow the conventions of the Republic of China era, implementing individual admissions. Only a few adopted a joint admissions model, and the examination subjects and content varied widely among these institutions.
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但是，到了1950-1951 年，基于教育部相关规定及各校实际情况，又出现了联合或统一招生、单独招生并存的过渡局面，实行联合招生的学校也逐渐增多。其中，按照统一规定，实行联合招生高校的各系科共同必考科目为：政治常识、国文、外国语（英语或俄语）、数学、物理、化学、中外历史、中外地理。外国语虽列为必考科目，但允许投考者申请免考，并在入学后给予补修机会，这也就意味着在这个时期，联合考试一共需要考察的科目一共有7科，还是不算少的，而暂存的单独招生，则为单科拔尖人才提供了出路。总体来说，新中国成立的最初3年，虽然统一的高考人才选拔制度还未产生，但是，伴随着联合考试的高校增加与联合招生统一考试科目的规定，高考制度的雏形，已然在这一时期逐步形成了。
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However, by 1950-1951, a transitional phase emerged where joint or unified admissions coexisted with individual admissions, based on relevant regulations from the Ministry of Education and the specific conditions of each institution. The number of institutions implementing joint admissions gradually increased. Under these unified regulations, the compulsory subjects for all departments and faculties in institutions adopting joint admissions were: Political Fundamentals, Chinese Language and Literature, Foreign Language (English or Russian), Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Chinese and World History, and Chinese and World Geography. Although Foreign Language was listed as a compulsory subject, applicants were permitted to apply for exemption and were given the opportunity to take supplementary courses after admission. This meant that during this period, a total of seven subjects were required for the joint examination, which was a considerable number. Meanwhile, the temporarily coexisting individual admissions offered a pathway for exceptionally talented students excelling in specific subjects. Overall, during the initial three years following the establishment of the New China, although a unified Gaokao talent selection system had not yet fully materialized, the increasing number of institutions adopting joint examinations and the regulations for unified subjects in joint admissions led to the gradual formation of the rudimentary form of the Gaokao system during this period.
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而随着联合招生学校的增多，形成一套统一选拔人才的高考制度，也就水到渠成了。因此，1952年6月12日，中央人民政府教育部就发布了《关于全国高等学校一九五二年暑期招考新生的规定》，各大行政区也遵照中央的指示，分别设立了高等学校招生委员会，并于8月15日—17日开展统一考试。即使经过广泛宣传发动，全国首次统一高考，全国的报名人数也仅有59715人，还不及今年河南一个省高考人数的5%，所以这时的高校录取率，也就相当的高。而这其中最主要的原因，便是本次考试的考场设置。
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As the number of institutions adopting joint admissions increased, the formation of a unified Gaokao system for talent selection naturally followed. Therefore, on June 12, 1952, the Ministry of Education of the Central People's Government issued the Provisions on the 1952 Summer Admissions for New Students in National Higher Education Institutions. In accordance with the central government's directives, major administrative regions also successively established Higher Education Admissions Committees and conducted the unified examination from August 15th to 17th. Despite extensive publicity and mobilization efforts for the nation's first unified Gaokao, the total number of applicants nationwide was only 59,715, which is less than 5% of the Gaokao applicants in Henan Province alone this year. Consequently, the university admission rate at that time was remarkably high. The primary reason for this was the arrangement of examination centers for this particular examination.
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1952年实行全国统一高考后，根据《全国高等学校一九五二年暑期统一招生简章》的具体考区统计，全国一共只设立了78个考区，所以，在1950-1952年的高考雏形期与初创期，对于不在省会的考生，要投考大学相当艰难。北京大学原常务副校长王义遒教授，曾在2011年生动地回忆起自己60年前参加招生考试的艰难情形。他于1951年从江西南昌高中毕业，报考清华、北大。当时的北京高校，除了华北区外，只有上海、广州等大城市有考点，王义遒于是只得从江西到河南新乡参加考试。“考试头天下午，我一下火车，就跑遍新乡全市，打听考生接待站，毫无下落。”当时在新乡像样的旅馆找不到，他走了小半天，筋疲力尽，只能勉强在一个骡马大车店歇脚休息。虽然当时的考点设置不太合理，但至少从当时来看，这样一个全国统一考试的顺利进行，还是值得称颂的。在第二年高考也就是1953年，高考考点的设置，也就伴随着考试制度的进一步发展，而逐渐增加且比较合理了。
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After the implementation of the nationwide unified Gaokao in 1952, according to specific examination zone statistics from the 1952 Summer Unified Admissions Prospectus for National Higher Education Institutions, only 78 examination zones were esta